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Zinaida Nikolayevna Gippius, (; November 20, 1869 – September 9, 1945) was a Russian poet, playwright, editor, short story writer and religious thinker, a co-founder of Russian symbolism seen as "one of the most enigmatic and intelligent women of her time in Russia." Her marriage to philosopher Dmitriy Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky lasted 52 years and is described in the unfinished book ''Dmitry Merezhkovsky'' (Paris, 1951; Moscow, 1991). == Biography == Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius was born on November 20, 1869, in Belyov, Tula, the eldest of the four daughters. Her father, Nikolai Romanovich Gippius, a respected lawyer and a senior officer in the Russian Senate, was a German-Russian, whose ancestor Adolphus von Gingst, later von Hippius, came to Moscow in the 16th century.〔''Christa Ebert'' Sinaida Hippius: Seltsame Nahe. — Oberbaum Verlag: Berlin, 2004. — S.22.〕 Her mother, Anastasia Vasilyevna (née Stepanova), was a daughter of the Yekaterinburg's Chief of Police.〔 Nikolai Gippius's job required continuous city-to-city traveling, and because of this his daughters received little formal education; taking lessons from governesses and visiting tutors, they attended schools sporadically in whatever city (Saratov, Tula and Kiev, among others) the family happened to stay for a more or less substantial period of time. A major crisis struck when their beloved father died of tuberculosis at the age of 48, leaving his extensive family without much money to live on. Worse still, all four girls inherited a predisposition to the illness that killed him. Worrying most about the eldest daughter, their mother moved the family southwards, first to Yalta (where Zinaida had to undergo medical treatment) then in 1885 to Tiflis, closer to their uncle Alexander Stepanov's home. By this time, Zinaida Gippius had already studied for two years at a girls' school in Kiev (1877—1878) and for a year at the Fischer's gymnasium in Moscow.〔 It was only in Borzhomi where uncle Alexander, a man of considerable means, had rented a dacha for her, that Zinaida started to get back to normal after the profound shock caused by her father's death. Zinaida began writing poetry at the age of seven. By the time she met Dmitry Merezhkovsky in 1888, she was already a published poet. "By the year 1880 I was writing verses, being so great a believer in 'inspiration' as to make a point to never take a pen off paper. People around me saw these poems as a sign of me being 'spoiled', but I never tried to conceal them and, of course, I wasn't spoiled at all, what with my religious upbringing," she wrote in 1902 in a letter to Valery Bryusov. A good-looking girl, Zinaida attracted a lot of attention in Borzhomi, but her new acquaintance, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, was of a different mould. A well-educated introvert, Merezhkovsky was a kindred spirit: so overwhelming was the feeling of "the two hearts beating in unison" that the moment he proposed she accepted him without hesitation, never in her lifetime regretting what might have seemed a hasty decision.〔〔 Gippius and Merezhkovsky married on January 8, 1889, in Tiflis, thus forming what turned out to become the most extraordinary husband and wife tandem in the history of Russian literature. They embarked on a short honeymoon tour involving a stay in the Crimea, then returned to Saint Petersburg and moved into a flat in what was known as the Muruzi House, which Merezhkovsky's mother had rented and furnished for them as a wedding gift.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zinaida Gippius」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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